Норма набора веса во время беременности: набор, потеря, норма, как рассчитать вес при беременности?

Набор веса при беременности: его составляющие и норма

Многие беременные испытывают стресс перед очередным приёмом у гинеколога, потому что врач снова будет «ругать» за излишне набранные килограммы. Так ли это плохо на самом деле?

Содержание статьи:

Норма прибавки веса при беременности

Вес женщины к концу беременности изменится в среднем на 10-16 кг со знаком «плюс». Это происходит из-за постепенного увеличения:

• массы собственного тела;
• веса ребёнка;
• количества околоплодных вод.

Масса собственного тела. В период беременности у женщины увеличивается объем крови и лимфы, накапливается жидкость в тканях, набухают молочные железы, растут размеры матки и плодных оболочек. К тому же организм беременной делает «жировой запас», обеспечивая тем самым женщину силами в дальнейшем выкормить ребёнка, так как жировая прослойка — это калории, а значит, и энергия.

Таблица 1 — Составляющие собственного веса женщины к середине и концу беременности

Вес ребёнка в течение беременности растёт неравномерно: в первом триместре идёт закладка всех органов, а со второго — их дальнейшее развитие и набор самого веса. Поэтому до 14 недели масса плода мало ощутима и прибавка в весе у будущей мамы невелика, и составляет около 2 кг.

Количество околоплодных вод. Объем амниотической жидкости постепенно увеличивается, и к концу беременности он составляет около 1 л. Перед родами количество околоплодных вод часто сокращается до 800 мл.

Суммируя все составляющие веса беременной женщины, получаем следующую норму прибавки:

• в первом триместре в среднем 2 кг от первоначального веса;
• во втором триместре примерно ещё + 4 кг;

Итого прибавка будет равна 6-ти килограмм от первоначального веса.

• в третьем триместре ещё где-то + 4 кг.

В сумме прибавка веса будет составлять около 10 кг за весь срок беременности.

Врачи, для большей точности, при определении оптимальной прибавки в весе при беременности:

1) определяют весовую группу женщины — с недостаточной, нормальной или избыточной массой тела;

Для этого используют разработанную одним бельгийским учёным формулу по нахождению так называемого индекса массы тела (ИМТ).

Индекс массы тела = вес (в килограммах) / рост (в метрах)²

Например, вес женщины до беременности — 60 кг, а её рост — 168 см (или 1,68 м). Тогда ИМТ = 60/(1,68∙1,68) = 60/2,8224 = 21,2585 ≈ 21,3.

Согласно таблице, составленной Всемирной организацией здравоохранения, рассчитанный ИМТ является нормой (см. таблицу 2).

Таблица 2 — Интерпретация показателей ИМТ согласно ВОЗ

2) сопоставляют полученный результат сроку беременности, и соответственно узнают норму набора веса при беременности;

3) анализируют, соответствует ли норме имеющийся набор веса или нет.

Таблица 3 — Норма прибавки веса при беременности по неделям

Помните, что набор веса при беременности — нередко дело индивидуальное. Кто-то может кушать за семерых, но увеличение веса будет идти медленно, отставая от норм, но ребёнок родится крупным и здоровеньким.
А у кого-то, наоборот, может снизиться аппетит, а набор веса будет всё равно идти ускоренными темпами в независимости от количества потребляемой пищи.

Не стоит переживать по этому поводу, главное, контролировать размер порции, наладить частоту питания, и пересмотреть свой рацион (он должен быть сбалансированным, полноценным и полезным).

С родами женщина лишается около 6 набранных кило, в которые входит вес новорожденного, последа и околоплодных вод. Через некоторое время уменьшается объем циркулирующей крови и выводиться лишняя жидкость из организма женщины. Таким образом, уходит ещё около 4 килограмм.

Чем опасен лишний вес во время беременности?

Практика показала, что в 76% случаев опасность вызывает лишь увеличение прибавки в весе вдвое и больше от нормы. Чем же сулит такое отклонение от нормы?

1. Избыточный вес создаёт колоссальную дополнительную нагрузку на организм беременной, на её позвоночник и внутренние органы.
2. Лишний вес способствует развитию у беременной таких заболеваний, как варикозное расширение вен, гипертония, сахарный диабет и других недугов сердечно-сосудистой, эндокринной и нервной системы. Многие из них могут негативно влиять и на здоровье ребёнка.
3. Значительная жировая прослойка затрудняет визуализацию во время УЗИ, что мешает врачу более точно определить, нормально ли развивается малыш.
4. При излишнем весе велик риск выкидыша на раннем сроке беременности, и преждевременных родов в третьем триместре из-за преждевременного излития околоплодных вод.
5. Лишний вес чреват слабой родовой деятельностью, что является причиной переношенной беременности или вынужденного кесарева сечения. Большой вес может вызывать затруднения в проведении операции.
6. Послеродовой период реабилитации проходит более длительно, возможны негативные последствия.
7. Лишние килограммы способствуют появлению отёков и растяжек на теле женщины (из-за чрезмерного растяжения кожи).
8. Избыточная масса тела провоцирует ранее старение плаценты, и развитие позднего токсикоза, что служит угрозой здоровью малыша.
9. Излишний вес у будущей матери может способствовать развитию гипоксии плода, невралгических заболеваний и ожирения в будущем.

Булки и торты, жареная картошка с сосисками, жирная отбивная с макаронами и «майонезным» салатом, бутерброд с сухой колбасой или пицца, полбуханки хлеба вприкуску с ложкой борща, соленья и консервы — это вредная еда для беременных.

«Кушай всё, что хочется и сколько хочется» — это стандартная фраза акушеров-гинекологов советской закалки или тех, которые обучались в медуниверситете по устаревшей программе по учебникам, методикам 90-х годов.

Кушать можно всё, но в мерах разумного. Полбулки с молоком можно съесть на полдник, при условии, что завтрак был сытным и полезным, а на обед и ужин будет только здоровая пища.

И шашлык, съеденный на природе с овощным салатом, будет в пользу, если такие пикники происходят не чаще раза в месяц, а в остальное время питание женщины богатое витаминами и содержит только натуральные продукты.

При дробном полноценном питании беременная не наберёт лишних килограмм. Всё пойдёт куда нужно и на что нужно.

Если вес стремительно растёт при правильном четырёхразовом питании, необходимо уменьшить порцию съедаемого. Во время беременности не надо как говориться «есть за двоих», достаточно увеличить нормальную порцию всего на полкулака. Ребёнок нуждается в витаминах, минералах и в сбалансированном поступлении белков, жиров и углеводов.

На завтрак можно скушать овсяную кашу с сухофруктами и цукатами, выпить стакан натурального сока или компота. Или приготовить омлет с зеленью и помидорами, заесть его кусочком хлеба и выпить стакан ягодного морса.

Полдник может быть лёгким — банан, батончик с мюслями или горсть орехов; или же более сытным — пару небольших кусочков ржаного хлеба с маслом и ломтиком сыра, зелёный чай с тремя квадратиками любимого шоколада, яблоко.

Обед может быть таким: суп с фрикадельками и ломтиком чёрного хлеба, или рис с паровой котлетой и овощным салатом, а на десерт — натуральный йогурт с фруктами или творожный кекс с ряженкой.

В качестве ужина подойдёт отварная курятина с чесночным или сырным соусом, картофель по-деревенски (из духовки) и свежие овощи, какао с молоком и пряником.

Лишние килограммы не всегда являются таковыми. Если до беременности собственный вес женщины был меньше нормы, то чрезмерная прибавка во время беременности — это вполне нормальное явление, просто организм восполняет недостающие жировые отложения для предотвращения невынашивания беременности. Так заложено природой.

Автор: Бережная А.С.

90000 Weight Gain During Pregnancy | Pregnancy | Maternal and Infant Health 90001 90002 What Percentage of Women Are Within Pregnancy Weight Gain Recommendations? 90003 90004 Recent studies found that only about one-third (32%) of women gained the recommended amount of weight during pregnancy and most women gained weight outside the recommendations (21% too little, 48% too much). 90005 90004 90005 90002 Percentage of Women Below, Within, and Above Pregnancy Weight Gain Recommendations 90003 90010 90004 Source діє до: 2015 National Vital Statistics System birth data.https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/births.htm. 90005 90004 For more information, please visit https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6540a10.htm 90014 90015 90005 90004 90005 90002 Why Is It Important to Gain the Recommended Amount of Weight During Pregnancy? 90003 90004 Gaining less than the recommended amount of weight in pregnancy is associated with delivering a baby who is too small. Some babies born too small may have difficulty starting breastfeeding, may be at increased risk for illness, and may experience developmental delays (not meeting the milestones for his or her age).90005 90004 Gaining more than the recommended amount of weight in pregnancy is associated with having a baby who is born too large, which can lead to delivery complications, cesarean delivery, and obesity during childhood. Gaining more than the recommended amount of weight can also increase the amount of weight you hold on to after pregnancy, which can lead to obesity. 90005 90004 90005 90002 What Steps Can You Take to Meet Pregnancy Weight Gain Recommendations? 90003 90029 90030 90031 90032 Work with your health care provider 90033 on your weight gain goals at the beginning and regularly throughout your pregnancy.90034 90031 90032 Track your pregnancy weight gain at the beginning and regularly throughout pregnancy 90033 and compare your progress to recommended ranges of healthy weight gain. 90034 90031 90032 Eat a balanced diet 90033 high in whole grains, vegetables, fruits, low fat dairy, and lean protein. Use the MyPlate daily checklistExternal to see the daily food group targets that are right for you at your stage of pregnancy. Most foods are safe to eat during pregnancy, but you will need to use caution with or avoid certain foods.Talk with your health care provider or visit Checklist of Foods to Avoid During PregnancyExternal for more information about food safety in pregnancy. 90034 90031 90032 Limit added sugars and solid fats 90033 found in foods like soft drinks, desserts, fried foods, whole milk, and fatty meats. 90034 90031 90032 Know your calorie needs 90033. In general, 90014 the first trimester (or first three months) does not require any extra calories 90015. Typically, women need about 340 additional calories per day during the second trimester (second three months) and about 450 additional calories per day during the third (last) trimester.90034 90031 90032 Work up to or maintain at least 150 minutes (2 ⅟ 90055 2 90056 hours) of moderate intensity aerobic activity 90033 90032 (such as brisk walking) per week 90033. 150 minutes may sound overwhelming, but you can achieve your goal by breaking up your physical activity into 10 minutes at a time. Physical activity is healthy and safe for most pregnant women. Talk to your health care provider to determine if you have any physical activity restrictions. Visit Physical Activity for Healthy Pregnant or Postpartum Women for more information.90034 90061 .90000 Pregnancy Weight Gain Calculator 90001 90002 The Pregnancy Weight Gain Calculator estimates a schedule for healthy weight gain based on guidelines from the Institute of Medicine. 90003 90004 90005 Recommended weight gain during pregnancy 90006 90002 Pregnancy can lead to significant changes to women’s bodies and daily routines. One of them is the body weight gain to ensure enough nutrients for the development of the fetus and to store enough nutrients in preparation for breastfeeding.While weight gain during pregnancy is normal and necessary, studies have shown that certain ranges of weight gain given a specific body mass index (BMI) result in more positive outcomes for both fetus and mother. 90008 1 90009 90003 90002 Generally, it is recommended that pregnant women gain only 1-4 pounds during the first 3 months of pregnancy, and 1 pound per week during the remainder of the pregnancy. It is possible to achieve 1 pound per week by consuming an additional ~ 300 calories per day, 90008 2 90009 which is roughly equivalent to eating an extra cheeseburger or half a sandwich plus a glass of milk.90003 90002 The Institute of Medicine provides a weight gain guideline based on Prepregnancy BMI, which is shown in the table below. But note that these are only recommendations and that weight gain between women varies. As such, a health care provider should be consulted to more accurately determine each person’s specific needs. 90003 90017 90004 90019 Recommendations for total weight gain during pregnancy by prepregnancy BMI 90020 90008 1 90009 90003 90024 90025 90026 Prepregnancy 90004 BMI (kg / m 90008 2 90009) 90030 90031 Category 90030 90026 Total Weight 90004 Gain Range 90030 90026 Total Weight Gain Range 90004 for Pregnancy with Twins 90030 90039 90025 90026 <18.5 90030 90026 Underweight 90030 90026 28-40 lbs 90030 90026 90030 90039 90025 90026 18.5-24.9 90030 90026 Normal Weight 90030 90026 25-35 lbs 90030 90026 37-54 lbs 90030 90039 90025 90026 25.0-29.9 90030 90026 Overweight 90030 90026 15-25 lbs 90030 90026 31-50 lbs 90030 90039 90025 90026 90072> 90073 30.0 90030 90026 Obese 90030 90026 11-20 lbs 90030 90026 25-42 lbs 90030 90039 90082 90002 Weight gain during pregnancy is not just attributed to the weight of the fetus.Most of the weight gain goes to the development of tissues that allow fetal development, growth, and prepare the body for breastfeeding. The table below is a list. 90003 90017 90004 90019 Pregnancy weight gain distribution 90008 2 90009 90020 90003 90024 90025 90026 Enlarged breasts 90030 90026 1-3 pounds 90030 90039 90025 90026 Enlarged uterus 90030 90026 2 pounds 90030 90039 90025 90026 Placenta 90030 90026 1.5 pounds 90030 90039 90025 90026 Amniotic fluid 90030 90026 2 pounds 90030 90039 90025 90026 Increased blood volume 90030 90026 3-4 pounds 90030 90039 90025 90026 Increased fluid volume 90030 90026 2-3 pounds 90030 90039 90025 90026 Fat stores 90030 90026 6-8 pounds 90030 90039 90082 90004 90005 Potential complications of suboptimal weight gain 90006 90002 There are adverse effects for either insufficient or excessive weight gain during pregnancy.Insufficient weight gain can compromise the health of the fetus and cause preterm, or premature birth; excessive weight gain can cause labor complications, giving birth to significantly larger than average fetuses, postpartum weight retention, as well as increase the risk of requiring a caesarean section. 90003 90005 What to eat during pregnancy? 90006 90002 What a person eats, or does not eat, during pregnancy can significantly affect the health of their baby. Although what a person should or should not eat during their pregnancy is often heavily debated, and can be different between cultures, there is no particular formula that guarantees a healthy baby, and though a parent should be careful and cognizant of what they choose to put in their bodies, it is not absolutely necessary to follow some heavily strict, nutritional guideline during pregnancy.General advice for eating healthy applies, such as eating a balance of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Certain nutrients can however be particularly helpful for the growth and development of a healthy baby. Some of these will be discussed below. 90003 90002 90019 Folate and folic acid: 90020 90003 90002 Folate and folic acid can help prevent birth defects. Folate in particular protects against neural tube defects as well as potential abnormalities in the brain and spinal cord.It has also been shown to decrease the risk of premature birth. Folic acid is the synthetic form of folate, a B vitamin, and can be consumed in the form of supplements, or fortified foods. Aside from using supplements, folic acid can be consumed through eating certain leafy green vegetables (spinach), citrus fruits (oranges), dried beans, and peas. 90003 90002 90019 Calcium: 90020 90003 90002 Calcium helps support strong bones and teeth, and is also necessary for the proper day to day functioning of the body’s circulatory, muscular, and nervous systems.Calcium can be found in dairy products such as milk, yogurt, and cheese. It can also be found in non-dairy foods such as spinach, salmon, broccoli, and kale. 90003 90002 90019 Vitamin D: 90020 90003 90002 Like calcium, vitamin D can help promote bone strength while also building the baby’s bones and teeth. It can be found in fortified milk, orange juice, fish, and eggs, among other foods. 90003 90002 90019 Protein: 90020 90003 90002 Protein, while being important for your own health, is also highly important for the growth of the baby throughout pregnancy.Good sources of protein include lean meat, poultry, fish, eggs, beans, peas, nuts, and soy products, among others. 90003 90002 90019 Iron: 90020 90003 90002 Iron is another nutrient that is highly important for the development of your baby. A pregnant person should consume double the amount of iron than they otherwise would, because iron is essential for the body to produce more blood to supply oxygen to the baby. In the case where the mother is not consuming sufficient iron, the mother could suffer from iron deficiency anemia, resulting in fatigue, and increasing the risk of having a premature birth.Iron can be found in lean red meat, poultry, fish, iron-fortified foods, beans, and vegetables, among other foods. Iron from animal products is most easily absorbed though pairing iron from plant sources with foods or drinks that contain high amounts of vitamin C can increase the absorption of iron. 90003 90002 Most of the nutrients listed above can be obtained through some form of supplements, and taking prenatal vitamins is fairly common. Depending on your diet, you may consider speaking to a healthcare professional to determine if you should take a prenatal vitamin or any other special supplements.90003 90002 90019 Foods to avoid: 90020 90003 90002 It is as important to avoid certain foods and activities during pregnancy as it is to consume foods with specific nutrients. Some of these include foods that are high in mercury, like a lot of seafoods. Generally, the bigger and the older a fish is, the more mercury it likely contains. The FDA recommends that pregnant women avoid eating shark, swordfish, king mackerel, and tilefish. Seafoods that are generally considered safe include shrimp, salmon, pollock, catfish, anchovies, trout, cod, tilapia, and light canned tuna, among others.90003 90002 Pregnant women should also avoid consuming foods that are raw, undercooked, or of course, contaminated. These include foods such as sushi, sashimi, and raw shellfish like oysters, scallops, and clams. Similarly, undercooked meat, poultry, and eggs should also be avoided, since pregnant women are at higher risk of food poisoning due to bacteria in undercooked foods. 90003 90002 Unpasteurized foods, which includes many dairy products, should also be avoided since they can lead to food-borne illnesses.90003 90002 Pregnant women also should not eat unwashed fruits and vegetables, again because of the potential for consuming harmful bacteria. Certain sprouts like alfalfa, clover, radish, and mung bean can contain disease-causing bacteria, and should be cooked thoroughly and not eaten raw. 90003 90002 Excess caffeine should also be avoided, since it can cross the placenta, and the effects on the baby are not well known. Herbal teas are also not well studied, and the effects they may have on the baby are not well known.90003 90002 Under no circumstances should a pregnant woman consume alcohol, as no study has found a level of alcohol that has been proven to be safe during pregnancy. Alcohol increases the risk of miscarriage and stillbirth. It also can cause fetal alcohol syndrome which can result in the development of intellectual disabilities as well as facial deformities. 90003 90002 Smoking should also be avoided before, during, and after pregnancy, as smoking during any of these periods can negatively affect the baby, as well as the mother.Smoking during pregnancy can result in many detrimental health outcomes including premature birth, fetal death, caesarean section (which can cause maternal hemorrhage), and more. It has also been found to increase the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, birth defects such as altered brainstem development and lung structure as well as cerebral palsy. Some studies have further shown that smoking during pregnancy can increase the likelihood of the child being obese as a teen, and obesity has numerous undesirable implications for mortality and morbidity.90003 90002 This is not an exhaustive list of all the foods that should be avoided during pregnancy, and if unsure, consult a medical professional. Generally, keeping yourself healthy while paying special attention to foods that are known to be beneficial or detrimental to babies in particular, will give your baby a better chance of being healthy. 90003 90004 90198 90199 Institute of Medicine. «Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining The Guidelines.» 90200 90199 Mayo Clinic.»Pregnancy weight gain: What’s healthy?» https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy-weight-gain/art-20044360?pg=1. 90200 90203 .90000 Weight Gain During Pregnancy | ACOG 90001 90002 Number 548 90003 90002 (Reaffirmed 2016) 90003 90002 90007 Committee on Obstetric Practice 90008 90003 90002 90011 This document reflects emerging clinical and scientific advances as of the date issued and is subject to change. The information should not be construed as dictating an exclusive course of treatment or procedure to be followed. 90012 90003 90014 90002 ABSTRACT: The updated guidelines by the Institute of Medicine regarding gestational weight gain provide clinicians with a basis for practice.Health care providers who care for pregnant women should determine a woman’s body mass index at the initial prenatal visit and counsel her regarding the benefits of appropriate weight gain, nutrition and exercise, and, especially, the need to limit excessive weight gain to achieve best pregnancy outcomes. Individualized care and clinical judgment are necessary in the management of the overweight or obese woman who is gaining (or wishes to gain) less weight than recommended but has an appropriately growing fetus.90003 90014 90002 The amount of weight gained during pregnancy can affect the immediate and future health of a woman and her infant. The population demographics of women who become pregnant have changed dramatically over the past decade; more women are overweight or obese at conception. Evidence supports associations between excessive gestational weight gain and increased birth weight and postpartum weight retention but also between inadequate weight gain and decreased birth weight 1. Gestational weight gain recommendations aim to optimize outcomes for the woman and the infant.In 2009 the Institute of Medicine (IOM) published revised gestational weight gain guidelines that are based on prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) ranges for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese women recommended by the World Health Organization and are independent of age , parity, smoking history, race, and ethnic background Table 1 2. Other changes include the removal of the previous recommendations for special populations and the addition of weight gain guidelines for women with twin gestations.For twin pregnancy, the IOM recommends a gestational weight gain of 16.8-24.5 kg (37-54 lb) for women of normal weight, 14.1-22.7 kg (31-50 lb) for overweight women, and 11.3-19.1 kg (25- 42 lb) for obese women. The IOM guidelines recognize that data are insufficient to determine the amount of weight women with multifetal (triplet and higher order) gestations should gain. 90003 90002 The updated IOM recommendations have met with controversial reactions from some physicians who believe that the weight gain targets are too high, especially for overweight and obese women.Also, these perceived high weight gain targets do not address concerns regarding postpartum weight retention. In addition, concerns have been raised that the guidelines do not differentiate degrees of obesity, especially for morbidly obese women. 90003 90014 90023 Overweight Women 90024 90002 The IOM guidelines recommend a total weight gain of 6.8-11.3 kg (15-25 lb) for overweight women (BMI of 25-29.9; BMI is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) . Gestational weight gain below the IOM recommendations among overweight pregnant women does not appear to have a negative effect on fetal growth or neonatal outcomes.In several studies, overweight women who gained 2.7-6.4 kg (6-14 lb) had similar fetal growth, perinatal and neonatal outcomes, and less postpartum weight retention as overweight women who gained weight within the currently recommended IOM range 3 4 5 6 7 8. For the overweight pregnant woman who is gaining less than the recommended amount but has an appropriately growing fetus, no evidence exists that encouraging increased weight gain to conform with the current IOM guidelines will improve maternal or fetal outcomes.90003 90014 90023 Obese Women 90024 90002 The IOM recommendations define obesity as a BMI of 30 or greater and do not differentiate between Class I obesity (BMI of 30-34.9), Class II obesity (BMI of 35-39.9), and Class III obesity (BMI of 40 or greater) 2. Given the limited data by class, the IOM recommendation for weight gain is 5-9.1 kg (11-20 lb) for all obese women. The gestational weight gain guidelines attempt to balance the risks of having large-for-gestational-age infants, small-for-gestational-age infants, and preterm births and postpartum weight retention.Citing a lack of sufficient data regarding short-term and long-term maternal and newborn outcomes, authors of the IOM report did not recommend lower targets for women with more severe degrees of obesity 9. The results of observational studies continue to provide mixed results. 90003 90002 The results of several large population-based cohort studies published after the release of the IOM guidelines suggested no harm in setting more restrictive weight gain limitations 8 10. One systematic review found that overweight and obese women who gain less weight than the ranges recommended by the IOM do not have an increased risk of having a low birth weight infant 1.Conversely, other researchers have reported that even the IOM guidelines may be too restrictive for severely obese women and may be associated with increased rates of preterm births, small-for-gestational-age infants, and perinatal mortality when compared with women with a similar BMI who gain an average amount of weight during pregnancy 11. From the results of these and more recent studies, it appears that the relationships between maternal obesity class, gestational weight gain, and maternal and newborn outcomes are complex.90003 90002 Among severely obese women with weight loss or restricted weight gain during pregnancy, the possible risk of having small-for-gestational-age infants contrasts with possible benefits, such as a decrease in rates of cesarean delivery, a risk of having large- for-gestational-age infants, and postpartum weight retention 10 12 13. For an obese pregnant woman who is gaining less weight than recommended but has an appropriately growing fetus, no evidence exists that encouraging increased weight gain to conform with the updated IOM guidelines will improve maternal or fetal outcomes.For more information, see the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ‘Committee Opinion No. 549, «Obesity in Pregnancy» 14. 90003 90014 90023 Conclusions and Recommendations 90024 90002 The IOM gestational weight gain guidelines provide clinicians with a basis for practice. Health care providers who care for pregnant women should determine a woman’s BMI at the initial prenatal visit (an online BMI calculator is available at http://www.nhlbisupport.com/bmi. It is important to discuss appropriate weight gain, diet, and exercise at the initial visit and periodically throughout the pregnancy.Individualized care and clinical judgment are necessary in the management of the overweight or obese woman who is gaining (or wishes to gain) less weight than recommended but has an appropriately growing fetus. Balancing the risks of fetal growth (in the large-for-gestational-age fetus and the small-for-gestational-age fetus), obstetric complications, and maternal weight retention is essential but will remain challenging until research provides evidence to further refine the recommendations for gestational weight gain, especially among women with high degrees of obesity.90003 90002 90002 Copyright January 2013 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 409 12th Street, SW, PO Box 96920, Washington, DC 20090-6920. All rights reserved. 90003 90002 ISSN 1074-861X 90003 90002 Weight gain during pregnancy. Committee Opinion No. 548. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2013; 121: 210-2. 90003 90003.90000 Pregnancy weight gain: What’s healthy? 90001 90002 Pregnancy weight gain: What’s healthy? 90003 90004 90005 From promoting your baby’s development to paving the way for post-pregnancy weight loss, here’s why pregnancy weight gain matters. 90006 90007 By Mayo Clinic Staff 90005 Like it or not, eating for two is not a license to eat twice as much as usual. Use healthy lifestyle habits to manage your pregnancy weight gain, support your baby’s health and make it easier to shed the extra pounds after delivery.90006 90010 Pregnancy weight-gain guidelines 90011 90005 There’s no one-size-fits-all approach to pregnancy weight gain. Appropriate weight gain for you depends on various factors, including your pre-pregnancy weight and body mass index (BMI). Your health and your baby’s health also play a role. Work with your health care provider to determine what’s right for you. 90006 90005 Consider these general guidelines for pregnancy weight gain: 90006 90016 90017 90018 90019 Pre-pregnancy weight 90020 90019 Recommended weight gain 90020 90023 90024 90025 90018 90027 Source: Institute of Medicine and National Research Council 90028 90023 90030 90031 90018 90033 Underweight (90034 BMI 90035 under 18.5) 90028 90033 28 to 40 lbs. (About 13 to 18 kg) 90028 90023 90018 90033 Normal weight (90034 BMI 90035 18.5 to 24.9) 90028 90033 25 to 35 lbs. (About 11 to 16 kg) 90028 90023 90018 90033 Overweight (90034 BMI 90035 25 to 29.9) 90028 90033 15 to 25 lbs. (About 7 to 11 kg) 90028 90023 90018 90033 Obesity (90034 BMI 90035 30 or more) 90028 90033 11 to 20 lbs.(About 5 to 9 kg) 90028 90023 90064 90065 90010 When you’re carrying twins or other multiples 90011 90005 If you’re carrying twins or other multiples, you’ll likely need to gain more weight. Again, work with your health care provider to determine what’s right for you. 90006 90005 Consider these general guidelines for pregnancy weight gain if you’re carrying twins: 90006 90072 90017 90018 90019 Pre-pregnancy weight 90020 90019 Recommended weight gain 90020 90023 90024 90025 90018 90027 Source: Institute of Medicine and National Research Council 90028 90023 90030 90031 90018 90033 Normal weight (90034 BMI 90035 18.5 to 24.9) 90028 90033 37 to 54 lbs. (About 17 to 25 kg) 90028 90023 90018 90033 Overweight (90034 BMI 90035 25 to 29.9) 90028 90033 31 to 50 lbs. (About 14 to 23 kg) 90028 90023 90018 90033 Obesity (90034 BMI 90035 30 or more) 90028 90033 25 to 42 lbs. (About 11 to 19 kg) 90028 90023 90064 90065 90010 When you’re overweight 90011 90005 Being overweight before pregnancy increases the risk of various pregnancy complications, including gestational diabetes, high blood pressure disorders of pregnancy, such as preeclampsia, and the need for a C-section.90006 90005 Work with your health care provider to determine what’s best in your case and to manage your weight throughout pregnancy. 90006 90010 When you’re underweight 90011 90005 If you’re underweight before pregnancy, it’s essential to gain a reasonable amount of weight while you’re pregnant. Without the extra weight, your baby might be born smaller than expected. 90006 90010 When you gain too much 90011 90005 Gaining too much weight during pregnancy can increase your baby’s risk of health problems, such as being born significantly larger than average (fetal macrosomia).You might also be at increased risk of pregnancy-related hypertension, gestational diabetes, prolonged labor, and the need for a C-section or delivery before your due date. Excessive weight gain during pregnancy can also increase your risk of postpartum weight retention and increases your risk of blood clots in the postpartum period. 90006 90010 Where does pregnancy weight gain go? 90011 90005 Your baby might weigh in at 7 or 8 pounds (about 3 to 3.6 kilograms). That accounts for some of your pregnancy weight gain.What about the rest? Here’s a sample breakdown: 90006 90132 90133 Larger breasts: 1 to 3 pounds (about 0.5 to 1.4 kilogram) 90134 90133 Larger uterus: 2 pounds (about 0.9 kilogram) 90134 90133 Placenta: 1 1/2 pounds (about 0.7 kilogram) 90134 90133 Amniotic fluid: 2 pounds (about 0.9 kilogram) 90134 90133 Increased blood volume: 3 to 4 pounds (about 1.4 to 1.8 kilograms) 90134 90133 Increased fluid volume: 2 to 3 pounds (about 0.9 to 1.4 kilograms) 90134 90133 Fat stores: 6 to 8 pounds (about 2.7 to 3.6 kilograms) 90134 90147 90010 Putting on the pounds 90011 90005 In the first trimester, most women do not need to gain much weight — which is good news if you’re struggling with morning sickness. 90006 90005 If you start out at a healthy or normal weight, you need to gain only about 1 to 4 pounds (0.5 to 1.8 kilograms) in the first few months of pregnancy. You can do this by eating a healthy diet — no extra calories are necessary. 90006 90005 Steady weight gain is more important in the second and third trimesters — especially if you start out at a healthy weight or you’re underweight.According to the guidelines, you’ll gain about 1 pound (0.5 kilogram) a week until delivery. An extra 300 calories a day — half a sandwich and a glass of skim milk — might be enough to help you meet this goal. For women who are overweight or have a 90034 BMI 90035 of 30 or higher, the guidelines suggest a weight gain of about 1/2 pound (0.2 kilogram) a week in the second and third trimesters. Try adding a glass of low-fat milk or an ounce of cheese and a serving of fresh fruit to your diet. 90006 90010 Working with your health care provider 90011 90005 Your health care provider will keep a close eye on your weight.A dietitian also can help. Do your part by eating a healthy diet and keeping your prenatal appointments. To keep your pregnancy weight gain on target, your health care provider might offer suggestions for boosting calories or scaling back as needed. 90006 Jan. 04, 2020 Show references 90162 90133 Poston L. Gestational weight gain. https://www.uptodate.com/content/search. Accessed Sept. 23, 2019. 90134 90133 Gabbe SG, et al. Nutrition during pregnancy.In: Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2017. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Sept. 23, 2019. 90134 90133 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice Bulletin No. 156: Obesity in pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2015; doi: 10.1097 / AOG.0000000000001211. 90134 90133 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice Bulletin No. 548: Weight gain during pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2013; doi: 10.1097 / 01.AOG.0000425668.87506.4c. Reaffirmed 2018. 90134 90133 Committee to Reexamine IOM Pregnancy Weight Guidelines, Food and Nutrition Board, and Board on Children, Youth and Families. Weight gain during pregnancy: Reexamining the guidelines. Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. http://www.nap.edu. Accessed Sept. 23, 2019. 90134 90133 Gabbe SG, et al. Preconception and prenatal care. In: Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2017. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Sept.23, 2019. 90134 90175 See more In-depth 90002 Products and Services 90003 90162 90133 Book: Mayo Clinic Guide to a Healthy Pregnancy 90134 90175 90005 . 90006.