Детское кресло в машину до какого возраста: Правила перевозки детей в автомобиле 2020: новые изменения в ПДД

Что такое совмещенная группа? Каким рейтингам стоит верить? По ходу или против? Когда переходить на бустер и как понять, что ребенок уже достаточно большой, чтобы обходиться без удерживающих устойств, пристегиваясь штатными ремнями? — «За рулем» ответил на эти и другие вопросы.

Чтобы подобрать автокресло для ребенка, нужно знать три параметра — возраст, рост и вес. С возрастом понятно. А рост и вес точно знают, как правило, родители совсем маленьких детей. Родители детсадовцев и школьников младшего возраста знают приблизительно. Точно — только если ребенок недавно проходил диспансеризацию.

0 и 0+ 

Новорожденных и детей в возрасте до шести месяцев перевозят в креслах категории 0 или 0+, которые часто называют «автолюльками» или «переносками». Дети находятся в них в лежачем положении (сидеть они еще не умеют). А ставят их против хода движения, так как младенцы не держат голову, у них не развиты шейные мышцы, которые предотвращают серьезные травмы в случае резкого торможения автомобиля или при ДТП. Так, против хода, детей рекомендуют возить минимум до года. Шведы, сделавшие из безопасности на дорогах культ, возят детей спиной вперед до 3 лет! Может быть, и правильно.

Детей в возрасте до года (а по шведским рекомендациям — до 3 лет) можно возить только спиной вперед.

Детей в возрасте до года (а по шведским рекомендациям — до 3 лет) можно возить только спиной вперед.

Материалы по теме

Установка автолюльки по ходу движения, поперек машины (на заднем сиденье), ослабленный крепеж — все это серьезные, если не сказать потенциально фатальные ошибки. Понятно, что вам так может быть удобнее. Но представьте (хоть это и тяжело), что произойдет с малышом при аварии. Легкомысленность может убивать.

Считается, что самое безопасное место в машине для установки детского кресла — за водительским сиденьем, так как водитель инстинктивно бережет себя и подставляет под удар другую сторону машины. Но подтверждающей статистики не найти. Если представить все возможные удары, выйдет, что самое безопасное место — в середине заднего сиденья. Но при установке детского автокресла (или автолюльки) нужно максимально жестко закрепить его, чтобы кресло (и ребенок вместе с ним) не полетели при ударе. Конечно, и ребенок должен быть надежно пристегнут в кресле. Приучайте его к ремням с первого дня — несмотря на слезы.

Чтобы приучить ребенка пристегиваться без капризов, можно использовать любимую игрушку.

Чтобы приучить ребенка пристегиваться без капризов, можно использовать любимую игрушку.

Важнейший момент: если решите ставить детское кресло на переднее кресло, отключите пассажирскую подушку безопасности — иначе она в случае аварии может выстрелить в спинку кресла, сломать его и травмировать ребенка. И постарайтесь не отвлекаться на ребенка во время движения.

Совмещенные группы 0+/1, 0+/1/2, 0/1/2/3 

Кресла категории 0+ предназначены для детей весом до 13 кг. В продаже встречаются и кресла совмещенной группы 0+/1, рассчитанные на вес до 18 кг. Но они, как правило, очень велики для младенцев, и даже мягкие вкладки не всегда компенсируют слишком большой запас пространства. К тому же ребенок находится в таком кресле в полусидячем положении, что плохо для новорожденных. Так что если уж использовать такие устройства, то только когда ребенок научится сидеть. При этом следует избегать длительных поездок, чтобы снизить нагрузку на позвоночник.

Универсальные кресла (совмещенных групп) обычно довольно громоздкие, дорогостоящие и не всегда удобны ребенку.

Универсальные кресла (совмещенных групп) обычно довольно громоздкие, дорогостоящие и не всегда удобны ребенку.

Тем более это касается кресел совмещенных групп 0+/1/2 и 0+/1/2/3. Да, бывают и такие. Первые рассчитаны на вес от 2,2 до 30 кг, вторые — от 2,2 до 55 кг. Ничего себе диапазончик! Конечно, соблазнительно купить одно автокресло на все детство, а не менять каждые пару лет. Но, во-первых, такое кресло сначала будет ребенку очень велико, несмотря на все вкладыши, а потом может оказаться мало (коротко, например, — ноги будут висеть в воздухе). То и другое плохо, кресло должно быть «по фигуре». Во-вторых, перед покупкой понравившуюся модель надо проверить на соответствие нормам безопасности. Ведь кресло покупается именно для обеспечения безопасности ребенка. Рейтинги, которым можно доверять — например, немецкого автоклуба ADAC. Немцы ежегодно проводят краш-тесты актуальных моделей детских кресел. К сожалению, в этих рейтингах встречаются далеко не все модели, представленные на российском рынке. И в-третьих, универсальные кресла очень дороги — несмотря на нюансы, о которых сказано выше.

Кресла групп 1, 2, 3 

Материалы по теме

Кресла первой группы предназначены для детей весом от 9 до 18 кг (условно от 9 месяцев до 4 лет). Второй — от 15 до 25 кг (от 3 до 7 лет), третьей — от 22 до 36 кг (от 6 до 12 лет). Рекомендации по выбору приведены выше. Если ваш автомобиль оборудован креплениями Isofix (а такие есть в большинстве современных машин), лучше выбрать модель «с изофиксами» — такие держатся лучше, чем те, которые крепятся штатными ремнями. А следовательно, и безопаснее.

Кресла второй группы встречаются довольно редко. Чаще продаются устройства группы 2/3. Пятиточечных ремней в них, как правило, уже нет. Такие кресла крепятся штатными ремнями безопасности автомобиля. И зачастую разбираются на две части — спинку и бустер (сиденье с подлокотником). Бустер — это уже третья группа.

Бустеры

Иногда говорят, что бустеры можно использовать с четырех лет. Но в данном случае лучше ориентироваться не на возраст, а на рост и применять бустер, когда ребенок перерастет 130 см. Тогда штатные ремни безопасности смогут защищать ребенка, а не угрожать ему травмами при аварии.

По данным ВОЗ, для мальчиков нормальный рост в четыре года — от 94,9 до 111,7 см, для девочек — от 94,1 до 111,3 см. 130 см — это довольно много даже для семилеток.

По российским ПДД, ребенка можно возить без специального устройства на заднем сиденье уже с семи лет. Но лучше все-таки использовать бустер.

По российским ПДД, ребенка можно возить без специального устройства на заднем сиденье уже с семи лет. Но лучше все-таки использовать бустер.

Что говорят ПДД

По нашим Правилам дорожного движения (действующим с 12 июля 2017 года), перевозка детей до 12 лет на переднем сиденье возможна только при использовании специального удерживающего устройства (автокресла или автолюльки). На заднем сиденье автокресло (или бустер) обязательно до семи лет. С 7 до 12 лет родители могут использовать либо удерживающее устройство, либо пристегивать ребенка штатными ремнями безопасности.

С 7 до 12 лет детей на переднем сиденье можно возить только в автокресле (или с бустером).

С 7 до 12 лет детей на переднем сиденье можно возить только в автокресле (или с бустером).

Наши рекомендации

• Использовать автокресла заслуживающих доверия производителей, ориентируясь при выборе не только на цену и дизайн, но и, в первую очередь, на места в рейтингах безопасности.
• Не гнаться за универсальными моделями, а подбирать кресло по росту и весу ребенка так, чтобы оно было удобно.
• Использовать бустер с 7 до 12 лет. Раньше — только если ребенок значительно опережает по росту сверстников.

С какого возраста нужно детское кресло малышу?

Машина – это незаменимый атрибут современной жизни. Новые модели автомобилей сделаны с высокой степенью комфорта и надежности, как для водителя, так и для его пассажиров. Но есть одна категория пассажиров, для которых комфорт и безопасность должны быть рассчитаны в индивидуальном порядке. Такими пассажирами являются дети. Так как дети быстро растут, то безопасная перевозка их в автомобиле должна учитываться для каждой возрастной и весовой группы. С этой целью используются специализированные автомобильные сидения, которые надежно фиксируются в салоне. Малыш пристегивается к креслу, чтобы проезд в машине был максимально удобным и безопасным. Часто родители задаются вопросом, с какого возраста нужно детское кресло в машину по закону? Ответ здесь один – с момента первой поездки малыша в машине.

Выбирайте автокресло правильно

С момента, когда перевозка детей в специальном устройстве стала урегулирована на законодательном уровне, на отечественном рынке появилось большое количество автокресел. Они используются детьми в возрасте с момента рождения и до двенадцати лет. В законодательстве указан как минимальный возраст пассажира, так и то, с какого возраста не нужно детское кресло в машину. Если пассажир достиг 12 лет, а его рост и масса тела превышают 135 см и 36 кг соответственно, то ребенок может ездить в машине без использования автокресла. При этом маленький пассажир обязан быть пристегнут ремнем безопасности, предусмотренным конструкцией автомобиля.

Выбирая автокресло, нужно учитывать вес ребенка. Со скольки лет детское кресло в машину нужно ставить, зависит от возраста малыша. Сейчас можно приобрести сидения следующих категорий:

• категория 0+ от рождения до 13 кг;
• категория 1 от 9 до 18 кг;
• категория 2 от 15 до 25 кг;
• категория 3 от 22 до 36 кг;
• автокресла смешанных категорий, объединяющие ряд возрастных групп.

В зависимости от того, под какую категорию попадает вес пассажира, выбирается модель сидения.

Смотрите видео ниже, как правильно выбрать детское кресло. 

Читайте также о установке детских удерживающих устройств.

А также о детских сиденьях Део Ланос.

Использование автокресла для младенца в транспортном средстве

Группа автомобильных кресел 0+ предусматривает перевозку маленького пассажира с момента рождения. Поэтому на вопрос автомобилистов, со скольки лет детские кресла в автомобиль можно приобретать, всегда звучит один ответ. Автокресла этой группы предусмотрены именно для новорожденного пассажира. Здесь учтены все анатомические особенности ребенка в возрасте от самого рождения и до 1-1,5 лет. Качественное сидение имеет крепкий каркас, при этом ребенка окружают мягкие подушки, боковинки и подголовники.

Автокресло нулевой группы ставится в машину так, чтобы ребенок находился лицом против хода автомобиля. Это наиболее удобный и надежный метод перевозки малыша, особенно, если он находится в авто только с мамой-водителем. По мере взросления ребенка необходимо приобретение сидения следующего размера. Перевозка малыша в автокресле неподходящего размера не только неудобна, но и небезопасна для маленького пассажира.

Опубликовано: 25 октября 2016

Возить детей в машине на переднем кресле можно, но не нужно

ВОПРОС

У меня в машине есть замок, отключающий подушку безопасности переднего пассажирского кресла специально для перевозки детей. Но знакомые водители чуть ли не в голос говорят, что перевозить детей до 12 лет впереди запрещают Правила дорожного движения. Так ли это? Анна, Москва.

ОТВЕТ

Нет, не так. Ваши знакомые, скорее всего, уповают на давно устаревшие правила, когда еще в ПДД ничего не говорилось об обязательности детских удерживающих устройств (кресел, подушек и так далее).

В действительности Правила не запрещают перевозку маленьких пассажиров на переднем сиденье. Об этом прямо сказано в пункте 22.9 ПДД: «Перевозка детей до 12-летнего возраста в транспортных средствах, оборудованных ремнями безопасности, должна осуществляться с использованием детских удерживающих устройств, соответствующих весу и росту ребенка, или иных средств, позволяющих пристегнуть ребенка с помощью ремней безопасности…, а на переднем сиденье легкового автомобиля – только с использованием детских удерживающих устройств».

В инструкциях к автомобилям четко оговаривается, как правильно пристегнуть. Например, при расположении кресла-люльки для грудничков спинкой вперед важно отключать механизм срабатывания подушки безопасности, если она есть и ее отключение предусмотрено.

Можно перевозить детей спереди не только в детских креслах (слов «детское кресло» вообще нет в правилах), но и с помощью других удерживающих устройств, соответствующих специальному ГОСТ Р 41.44—2005.

Для подросших детей подходят не только кресла, но и различные лямки и пряжки

На фирменных устройствах клеется оранжевый стикер с указанием евростандарта R44/03 (ему соответствует российский ГОСТ) или R44/04 (он еще более строгий – соответствует нынешним евронормам).

Таких приспособлений много – различные лямки, пряжки, подголовники и т. п. Очень распространено, например, устройство «Фэст» — оно также соответствует стандарту. Но обратите внимание на соответствие веса и роста ребенка характеристикам устройства – лямки и пряжки для младенцев не подойдут, берите только креслица. И наоборот, крепыша втискивать в маленькое кресло неудобно и не безопасно.

Можно, но не нужно

Так что ездить впереди детям можно. Другое дело, что место рядом с водителем не самое безопасное в машине. Исследование американского издания Pediatrics показало, что больше половины ранений и смертей детей до трех лет в машинах во время ДТП можно было избежать, если бы детские кресла устанавливались на заднем сиденье. Причем, не слева или справа, а по центру. Сотрудники издания установили, что риск ребенка получить травму в левой стороне заднего ряда (за водителем) составляет 31%, с правой стороны – 41%, а по центру – 28%.

Так что, хотя ПДД этого и не запрещают, лучше возить ребенка сзади по центру. И всегда правильно пристегивать.

90000 Home | Child Car Seats 90001 90002 Carrying Children Safely 90003 90004 The safest way for children to travel in cars is in a child car seat that is suitable for their weight and size, and is correctly fitted in the car. 90005 90004 90005 90008 This website will help you to: 90009 90010 90011 Understand the different types of child car seats 90012 90011 Choose the most suitable child car seats for your children 90012 90011 Ensure your child seats are fitted correctly in your car 90012 90011 Comply with the law on how children should be carried in cars 90012 90011 Understand how to carry other people’s children safely 90012 90021 90008 Advice on keeping children safe when they travel: 90009 90004 A properly fitted child car seat will help to prevent your child from being thrown about inside the vehicle, or ejected from it, if there is a crash.It will also absorb some of the impact force, and provide some protection from objects intruding into the passenger compartment. 90005 90004 A seat belt on its own will not properly fit your child, until they are at least 135 cm (4’6 «) tall, although it’s better to wait until they are 150 cm (5ft) or taller before moving them to the seat belt on its own. 90005 90008 Child Car Seat Safety Recalls 90009 90004 In March 2018, Britax Römer issued a voluntary recall notice for classic DUALFIX child car seats due to a potential safety issue with a component.All seats bought between November 3 2017, and March 22, 2018, should go to http://www.dualfix-check.com to see if their seat is affected by the voluntary recall, and for further information. 90005 90004 The cause of the potential issue has been identified, and Britax Römer has confirmed that seats bought outside of the dates listed are not affected. 90005 90034 90004 In December 2016, Mamas & Papas issued a product safety recall for some of their child car seats that had been sold through Asda, Tesco, Shop Direct and some independent retailers, as well as the Mamas & Papas website and factory stores.The seats affected are: 90005 90004 Mamas & Papas Nembus 90038 Mamas & Papas Aureus 90038 Mamas & Papas Group 123 90038 Mamas & Papas Altai 90005 90004 They are Group 123 car seats with the approval code 04 44596 (check the orange label on the back of the seat). If you have purchased one of these seats, you should stop using it immediately and contact Mamas & Papas Customer Services team on 03332 412154, or take it to a Mamas & Papas store for a refund or replacement.For more information see https://www.mamasandpapas.com/en-gb/recall. 90005 90004 In May 2016, Argos issued a product safety recall for Mamas & Papas Mercury child car seats: 90005 90004 Mamas & Papas Mercury Group 1 Black 90038 Mamas & Papas Mercury Group 1 Grey 90038 Mamas & Papas Mercury Group 1-2-3 Black 90038 Mamas & Papas Mercury Group 1-2-3 Grey 90038 Mamas & Papas Mercury Group 2-3 Black 90005 90004 In the event of an accident the car seat shell may crack and so not provide the protection it should provide.If you have purchased one of these seats, stop using it immediately and return it to your local Argos store for a full refund. These seats are manufactured exclusively for Argos; other Mamas & Papas seats are not affected. For further information, contact the Argos Customer Service Team on 0345 600 5388. 90005 90004 90005 90004 Photos courtesy of Britax and RECARO Child Safety Ltd 90005 .90000 Child car seats: the law 90001 90002 Children must normally use a child car seat until they’re 12 years old or 135 centimetres tall, whichever comes first. 90003 90002 Children over 12 or more than 135cm tall must wear a seat belt. 90003 90002 You can choose a child car seat based on your child’s height or weight. 90003 90008 Height-based seats 90009 90002 Height-based seats are known as ‘i-Size’ seats. They must be rear-facing until your child is over 15 months old. Your child can use a forward-facing child car seat when they’re over 15 months old.90003 90002 You must check the seat to make sure it’s suitable for the height of your child. 90003 90002 Only EU-approved height-based child car seats can be used in the UK. These have a label showing a capital ‘E’ in a circle and ‘R129’. 90003 90008 Weight-based seats 90009 90002 The seat your child can use (and the way they must be restrained in it) depends on their weight. 90003 90002 Only EU-approved weight-based child car seats can be used in the UK. These have a label showing a capital ‘E’ in a circle and ‘ECE R44’.90003 90002 You may be able to choose from more than one type of seat in the group for your child’s weight. 90003 90024 90025 90026 90027 Child’s weight 90028 90027 Group 90028 90027 Seats 90028 90033 90034 90035 90026 90037 0kg to 10kg 90038 90037 0 90038 90037 Lie-flat or ‘lateral’ baby carrier, rear-facing baby carrier, or rear-facing baby seat using a harness 90038 90033 90026 90037 0kg to 13kg 90038 90037 0 + 90038 90037 Rear-facing baby carrier or rear-facing baby seat using a harness 90038 90033 90026 90037 9kg to 18kg 90038 90037 1 90038 90037 Rear- or forward-facing baby seat using a harness or safety shield 90038 90033 90026 90037 15kg to 25kg 90038 90037 2 90038 90037 Rear- or forward-facing child car seat (high-backed booster seat or booster cushion) using a seat belt, harness or safety shield 90038 90033 90026 90037 22kg to 36kg 90038 90037 3 90038 90037 Rear- or forward-facing child car seat (high-backed booster seat or booster cushion) using a seat belt, harness or safety shield 90038 90033 90076 90077.90000 Child car seats: the law: When a child can travel without a car seat 90001 90002 A child aged 3 or older can travel in a back seat without a child car seat and without a seat belt if the vehicle does not have one. 90003 90002 In most cases, children under 3 must always be in a child car seat. 90003 90002 The rules are different if: 90003 90008 90009 the child is in a taxi or minicab 90010 90009 the child is in a minibus, coach or van 90010 90009 the child is on an unexpected journey, for example an emergency 90010 90009 there’s no room for another car seat 90010 90017 90018 Taxis and minicabs (private hire vehicles) 90019 90002 If the driver does not provide the correct child car seat, children can travel without one — but only if they travel on a rear seat: 90003 90008 90009 and wear an adult seat belt if they’re 3 or older 90010 90009 without a seat belt if they’re under 3 90010 90017 90018 Minibuses, coaches and vans 90019 90002 Minibus or coach drivers and companies do not have to provide child car seats.You must provide your own if you want to make sure a child has one. 90003 90032 Coaches 90033 90002 Children can travel without a child car seat or seat belt, if they’re not available. 90003 90032 Minibuses 90033 90002 All children must travel in rear seats (any seats behind the driver) if a child car seat or an adult seat belt is not fitted. 90003 90002 Children aged 3 or older must: 90003 90008 90009 use a child car seat if there’s one available in a minibus 90010 90009 use an adult seat belt if child car seats are not fitted or are unsuitable 90010 90017 90032 Vans 90033 90002 The rules for vans are the same as for cars.90003 90018 Unexpected journeys 90019 90002 If the correct child car seat is not available, a child aged 3 or older can use an adult seat belt if the journey is all of the following: 90003 90008 90009 unexpected 90010 90009 necessary 90010 90009 over a short distance 90010 90017 90002 You can not take children under 3 on an unexpected journey in a vehicle without the correct child car seat, unless both of the following apply: 90003 90008 90009 it’s a licensed taxi or minicab 90010 90009 the child travels on a rear seat without a seat belt 90010 90017 90018 No room for a third child car seat 90019 90002 Children under 3 must be in a child car seat.If there’s no room for a third child car seat in the back of the vehicl 90003.90000 Car Seats: Information for Families 90001 90002 One of the most important jobs you have as a parent is keeping your child safe when your child is riding in a vehicle. Each year, thousands of young children are killed or injured in car crashes. Proper use of car safety seats helps keep children safe. But, because so many different seats are on the market, many parents find this overwhelming. If you are expectant parents, give yourselves enough time to learn how to properly install the car safety seat in your car, before your baby is born, to ensure a safe ride home from the hospital.90003 90004 90002 The type of seat your child needs depends on several things, including your child’s age, size, and developmental needs. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about choosing the most appropriate car safety seat for your child. 90004 90002 90008 Click Here for a Listing of Car Seats & Car Seat Manufacturers 90009 90004 90011 Types of Car Seats at a Glance: 90012 90002 This chart is a quick guide on where to start your search.It’s important to continue your research to learn about each seat you use. 90004 90015 90016 90017 90018 90002 90008 Age-group 90009 90004 90023 90024 90002 90008 Type of Seat 90009 90004 90029 90030 90002 90008 General Guidelines 90009 90004 90029 90036 90017 90018 90002 90008 Infants and toddlers 90009 90004 90023 90024 90045 90046 90002 Rear-facing-only 90004 90049 90046 90002 Rear-facing-convertible 90004 90049 90054 90029 90030 90002 All infants and toddlers should ride in a rear-facing seat until they reach the highest weight or height allowed by their car safety seat manufacturer.Most convertible seats have limits that will allow children to ride rear facing for 2 years or more. 90004 90029 90036 90017 90018 90002 90008 Toddlers and preschoolers 90009 90004 90023 90024 90029 90030 90002 Children who have outgrown the rear-facing weight or height limit for their convertible seat should use a forward-facing seat with a harness for as long as possible, up to the highest weight or height allowed by their car safety seat manufacturer. Many seats can accommodate children up to 65 pounds or more.90004 90029 90036 90017 90018 90002 90008 School-aged children 90009 90004 90023 90024 90029 90030 90002 All children whose weight or height exceeds the forward-facing limit for their car safety seat should use a belt-positioning booster seat until the vehicle seat belt fits properly, typically when they have reached 4 feet 9 inches in height and are 8 to 12 years of age. All children younger than 13 years should ride in the back seat. 90004 90029 90036 90017 90018 90002 90008 Older children 90009 90004 90023 90096 90029 90098 90002 When children are old enough and large enough for the vehicle seat belt to fit them correctly, they should always use lap and shoulder seat belts for the best protection.All children younger than 13 years should ride in the back seat. 90004 90029 90036 90103 90104 90105 90106 90107 90002 Car safety seats may be installed with either the vehicle’s seat belt or its LATCH (lower anchors and tethers for children) system. LATCH is an attachment system for car safety seats. Lower anchors can be used instead of the seat belt to install the seat, and many parents find them easier to use in some cars. The top tether improves safety provided by the seat and is important to use for all forward-facing seats, even those installed by using the vehicle seat belt.Although the seat belt and LATCH systems are equally safe, caregivers may prefer one system instead of the other. Keep in mind that only one system should be used unless the car safety seat and vehicle manufacturers say it is OK to use 2 systems at the same time. 90004 90002 Vehicles with the LATCH system have lower anchors located in the back seat, where the seat cushions meet. Tether anchors are located behind the seat, either on the panel behind the seat (in sedans) or on the back of the seat, ceiling, or floor (in most minivans, SUVs, hatchbacks, and pickup trucks).All forward-facing car safety seats have tethers or tether connectors that fasten to these anchors. Nearly all passenger vehicles and all car safety seats made on or after September 1, 2002 are equipped to use LATCH. See vehicle owner’s manual for highest weight of child allowed to use top tether. 90004 90002 All lower anchors are rated for a maximum weight of 65 pounds (total weight includes car safety seat and child). Parents should check the car safety seat manufacturer’s recommendations for maximum weight a child can be to use lower anchors.New car safety seats have the maximum weight printed on their label. 90113 90004 90002 90008 NOTE: Seat belts- 90009 If you install a car safety seat by using your vehicle’s seat belt, you must make sure the seat belt locks to hold the seat tightly. In most newer cars, you can lock the seat belt by pulling it all the way out and then allowing it to retract to keep the seat belt tight around the car safety seat. In addition, many car safety seats have built-in lock-offs so you can lock the belt without having to lock the seat belt separately as well.Refer to the vehicle owner’s manual for details about how your seat belt locks. 90004 90002 90008 Middle of the back seat- 90009 The safest place to ride for all children younger than 13 years is the back seat. If possible, it may be best for the child to ride in the middle of the back seat. However, it is sometimes difficult to install a car safety seat tightly in the middle if the vehicle seat is narrow or uneven. Also, many vehicles do not have lower anchors for the middle seating position.It is safest to put the car safety seat in a position where you can install it tightly with either the lower anchor system or the seat belt; in some cases, this position may be on either side of the back seat rather than in the middle. A child passenger safety technician (CPST or CPS technician) can help you decide which place is best to install your child’s car safety seat in your vehicle. 90004 90002 90124 90004 90002 The AAP recommends that all infants ride rear facing starting with their first ride home from the hospital.All infants and toddlers should ride in a rear-facing seat until they reach the highest weight or height allowed by their car safety seat manufacturer. Most convertible seats have limits that will allow children to ride rear facing for 2 years or more. When infants outgrow their rear-facing-only seat, a convertible seat installed rear facing is needed. All parents can benefit from getting installation help from a CPST to ensure that their child’s seat is properly installed. 90004 90011 Types of Rear-Facing Seats: 90012 90002 Three types of rear-facing seats are available: rear-facing-only, convertible, and all-in-one.When children reach the highest weight or length allowed by the manufacturer of their rear-facing-only seat, they should continue to ride rear facing in a convertible or all-in-one seat. 90004 90105 Rear-facing-only seats 90107 90045 90046 Are used for infants up to 22 to 35 pounds and 26 to 35 inches, depending on the model. 90049 90046 Are small and have carrying handles. 90049 90046 Usually come with a base that can be left in the car. The seat clicks into and out of the base so you do not have to install the seat each time you use it.Parents can buy more than one base for additional vehicles. 90049 90046 Should be used only for a child’s travel (not sleeping, feeding, or any other use outside the vehicle). 90049 90054 90105 Convertible seats (used rear facing) 90107 90045 90046 Can be used rear facing and, later, «converted» to forward facing for older children when they outgrow either the weight limit or the length limit for rear facing. This means the seat can be used longer by your child. Convertible seats are bulkier than infant seats, however, and they do not come with carrying handles or separate bases and are designed to stay in the car.90049 90046 Many have higher limits in rear-facing weight (up to 40-50 pounds) and height than those of rear-facing- only seats, a feature that makes convertible seats ideal for bigger babies and toddlers. 90049 90046 Have a 5-point harness that attaches at the shoulders, at the hips, and between the legs. 90049 90046 Should be used only for a child’s travel (not sleeping, feeding, or any other use outside the vehicle). 90049 90054 90105 All-in-one seats (used rear facing) 90107 90045 90046 Can be used rear facing, forward facing, or as a belt- positioning booster.This means the seat may be used longer by your child as your child grows. 90049 90046 Are often bigger in size, so it is important to check that they fit in the vehicle while they are rear facing. 90049 90046 Do not have the convenience of a carrying handle or separate base; however, they may have higher limits in rear-facing weight (up to 40-50 pounds) and height than those of rear-facing-only seats, a feature that makes all-in-one seats ideal for bigger babies and toddlers. 90049 90054 90011 Installation Tips for Rear-Facing Seats: 90012 90002 Always read the vehicle owner’s manual and the car safety seat manual before installing the seat.90004 90105 When using a rear-facing seat, keep the following tips in mind: 90107 90045 90046 Place the harnesses in your rear-facing seat in slots that are at or below your child’s shoulders. 90049 90046 Ensure that the harness is snug (you can not pinch any slack between your fingers when testing the harness straps over the child’s shoulders) and that the retainer clip is placed at the center of the chest, even with your child’s armpits. 90049 90046 Make sure the car safety seat is installed tightly in the vehicle with either lower anchors or a locked seat belt.If you can move the seat at the belt path more than an inch side to side or front to back, it’s not tight enough. 90049 90046 Never place a rear-facing seat in the front seat of a vehicle that has an active front passenger airbag. If the airbag inflates, it will hit the back of the car safety seat, right against your child’s head, and could cause serious injury or death. 90049 90046 If you are using a convertible or all-in-one seat in the rear-facing position, make sure the seat belt or lower anchor webbing is routed through the correct belt path.Check the instructions that came with the car safety seat to be sure. 90049 90046 Make sure the seat is at the correct angle so your child’s head does not flop forward. Check the instructions to find out the correct angle for your seat and how to adjust the angle if needed. All rear-facing seats have built-in recline indicators. 90049 90046 Check the car safety seat instructions and vehicle owner’s manual about whether the car safety seat may contact the back of the vehicle seat in front of it.90049 90046 Still having trouble? Check with a certified CPST in your area who can help. 90003 90049 90054 90011 Common Questions: 90012 90105 What if my child’s feet touch the back of the vehicle seat? 90107 90045 90046 This is a very common concern of parents, but it should cause them no worry. Children can bend their legs easily and will be comfortable in a rear-facing seat. Injuries to the legs are very rare for children facing the rear. 90049 90054 90105 What do I do if my child slouches down or to the side in the car seat? 90200 90107 90045 90046 You can try placing a tightly rolled receiving blanket on both sides of your child.Many manufacturers allow the use of a tightly rolled small diaper or cloth between the crotch strap and your child, if necessary, to prevent slouching. Do not place padding under or behind your child or use any sort of car safety seat insert unless it came with the seat or was made by the manufacturer for use with that specific seat. 90049 90054 90105 Why should I dress my child in thinner layers of clothing before strapping him or her into a car safety seat? 90107 90045 90046 Bulky clothing, including winter coats and snowsuits, can compress in a crash and leave the straps too loose to restrain your child, leading to increased risk of injury.Ideally, dress your baby in thinner layers and wrap a coat or blanket around your baby over the buckled harness straps if needed. 90210 See 90211 90210 Winter Car Seat Safety Tips from the AAP 90211. 90049 90054 90105 Do preemies need a special car seat? 90107 90002 A car safety seat should be approved for a baby’s weight. Very small babies who can sit safely in a semi-reclined position usually fit better in rear-facing-only seats. Babies born preterm should be screened while still in the hospital to make sure they can sit safely in a semi-reclined position.Babies who need to lie flat during travel should ride in a car bed that meets Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 213. They should be screened again while in the hospital to make sure they can lie safely in the car bed. 90004 90002 90221 90004 90002 Always read the vehicle owner’s manual and the car safety seat manual before installing the seat. 90004 90002 Any child who has outgrown the rear-facing weight or height limit for her convertible seat should use a forward- facing seat with a harness for as long as possible, up to the highest weight or height allowed by her car safety seat manufacturer.It is best for children to ride in a seat with a harness as long as possible, at least to 4 years of age. If your child outgrows a seat before reaching 4 years of age, consider using a seat with a harness approved for higher weights and heights. 90004 90011 Types of Forward-Facing Car Seat Restraints: 90012 90105 Four types of car safety restraints can be used forward facing: 90107 90045 90046 90008 Convertible seats: 90009 Seats can «convert» from rear facing to forward facing.These include all-in-one seats. 90049 90046 90008 Combination seats with harness: 90009 Seats can be used forward facing with a harness for children who weigh up to 40 to 65 pounds (depending on the model) or without the harness as a booster (up to 100-120 pounds, depending on the model). 90049 90046 90008 90008 Integrated 90009 seats: 90009 Some vehicles come with built-in forward-facing seats. Weight and height limits vary. Do not use a built-in seat until your child has reached the highest weight or height allowed for your rear-facing convertible car safety seat.Read your vehicle owner’s manual for details about how to use these seats. 90049 90046 90008 Travel vests: 90009 Vests can be worn by children 22 to 168 pounds and can be an option to traditional forward- facing seats. They are useful for when a vehicle has lap-only seat belts in the rear, for children with certain special needs, or for children whose weight has exceeded that allowed by car safety seats. These vests usually require use of a top tether. 90049 90054 90011 Installation Tips for Forward-Facing Seats: 90012 90002 Always read the vehicle owner’s manual and the car safety seat manual before installing the seat.90004 90002 It is important that the car safety seat is installed tightly in the vehicle and that the harness fits your child snugly. 90004 90105 To switch a convertible or all-in-one seat from rear-facing to forward-facing: 90107 90045 90046 Move the harness shoulder straps to the slots or position that is at or just above your child’s shoulders. Check the instructions that came with the seat to be sure you are positioning the shoulder straps correctly. 90049 90046 You may have to adjust the recline angle of the seat so that it sits more upright in your vehicle.Check the instructions to be sure. 90049 90046 If using a seat belt, make sure it runs through the forward-facing belt path (be sure to follow car safety seat instructions) and that the seat belt is locked and tightened. 90049 90046 If using the lower anchors, make sure that the weight of your child plus the weight of the seat does not exceed 65 pounds. Most seats now state in the manual and on the stickers on the side the maximum child weight to use the anchors. If the child weighs too much, caregivers must use the seat belt to install.90049 90046 Always use the tether when you can. A tether is a strap that is attached to the top part of a car safety seat and holds the seat tightly by connecting to an anchor point in your vehicle (often on the seat back or rear shelf; see your vehicle owner’s manual to find where tether anchors are in your vehicle). Tethers give important extra protection by keeping the car safety seat and your child’s head from moving too far forward in a crash or sudden stop. All new cars, minivans, and light trucks are required to have tether anchors as of September 2000.Forward-facing seats come with tether straps. A tether should always be used as long as your child has not reached the top weight limit for the tether anchor. Check the car safety seat instructions and vehicle owner’s manual for information about the top weight limit and locations of tether anchors. 90049 90046 90008 Watch the Video 90009 How to Install a Forward-Facing Car Seat 90049 90054 90011 Common Question: 90012 90105 What if I drive more children than those who can be buckled safely in the back seat? 90107 90045 90046 It’s best to avoid this, especially if your vehicle has airbags in the front seat.All children younger than 13 years should ride in the back seat. If absolutely necessary, a child in a forward-facing seat with a harness may be the best choice to ride in front. Just be sure the vehicle seat is moved as far back away from the dashboard (and airbag) as possible. 90049 90054 90002 90284 Booster seats are for older children who have outgrown their forward-facing seats. All children whose weight or height exceeds the forward-facing limit for their car safety seat should use a belt-positioning booster seat until the vehicle seat belt fits properly, typically when they have reached 4 feet 9 inches in height and are 8 to 12 years of age.Most children will not fit in most vehicle seat belts without a booster until 10 to 12 years of age. All children younger than 13 years should ride in the back seat. Instructions that come with your car safety seat will tell you the height and weight limits for the seat. As a general guideline, a child has outgrown a forward-facing seat when any of the following situations is true: 90004 90045 90046 He reaches the top weight or height allowed for his seat with a harness. (These limits are listed on the seat and in the instruction manual.) 90049 90046 His shoulders are above the top harness slots. 90049 90046 The tops of his ears have reached the top of the seat. 90049 90054 90011 Types of Booster Seats: 90012 90002 90008 High-back and backless are 2 standard types of booster seats 90009. They do not come with a harness but are used with lap and shoulder seat belts in your vehicle, the same way an adult rides. They are designed to raise a child up so that lap and shoulder seat belts fit properly over the strongest parts of the child’s body.90004 90002 Most booster seats are not secured to the vehicle seat with the seat belt or lower anchors and tether but simply rest on the vehicle seat and are held in place once the seat belt is fastened over a child. However, some models of booster seats can be secured to the vehicle seat and kept in place by using the lower anchors and tether along with lap and shoulder belts. (Currently, only a few vehicle manufacturers offer integrated booster seats.) 90004 90011 Installation Tips for Booster Seats: 90012 90002 When using a booster seat, always read the vehicle owner’s manual and the car safety seat manual before installing the seat.Booster seats often have a plastic clip or guide to correctly position vehicle lap and shoulder belts. See the booster seat instruction manual for directions on how to use the clip or guide. 90008 Booster seats must be used with lap and shoulder belts. When using a booster seat, make sure: 90009 90004 90045 90046 The lap belt lies low and snug across your child’s upper thighs. 90049 90046 The shoulder belt crosses the middle of your child’s chest and shoulder and is off the neck. 90049 90046 90008 Watch the Video: 90009 How to Use a Booster Seat 90049 90054 90002 If your booster seat has lower anchors or tether attachments, check its manual for installation instructions.90004 90011 Common Questions about Booster Seats: 90012 90105 What if my car has only lap belts in the back seat? 90107 90002 Lap belts work fine with rear-facing-only, convertible, and forward-facing seats that h av e a harness but can never be used with a booster seat. If your car has only lap belts, use a forward-facing seat that has a harness and higher weight limits. You could also 90004 90045 90046 Check to see if shoulder belts can be installed in your vehicle. 90049 90054 90045 90046 Use a travel vest (check the manufacturer’s instructions about the use of lap belts only and about the use of lap and shoulder belts).90049 90054 90045 90046 Consider buying another car with lap and shoulder belts in the back seat. 90049 90054 90105 What is the difference between high-back boosters and backless boosters? 90107 90045 90046 Both types of boosters are designed to raise your child so seat belts fit properly, and both will reduce your child’s risk of injury in a crash. High-back boosters should be used in vehicles without headrests or with low seat backs. Many seats that look like high-back boosters are actually combination seats.They come with harnesses that can be used for smaller children and, later, removed for older children. Backless boosters are usually less expensive and are easier to move from one vehicle to another. Backless boosters can be used safely in vehicles with headrests and high seat backs. 90049 90054 90002 90345 Seat belts are made for adults. Children should stay in a booster seat until adult seat belts fit correctly, typically when children reach about 4 feet 9 inches in height and are 8 to 12 years of age.Most children will not fit in a seat belt alone until 10 to 12 years of age. When children are old enough and large enough to use the vehicle seat belt alone, they should always use lap and shoulder seat belts for the best protection. All children younger than 13 years should ride in the back seat. 90004 90011 Using a Seat Belt: 90012 90105 An adult seat belt fits correctly when: 90107 90045 90046 The shoulder belt lies across the middle of the chest and shoulder, not the neck or throat. 90049 90046 The lap belt is low and snug across the upper thighs, not the belly.90049 90046 Your child is tall enough to sit against the vehicle seat back with her knees bent over the edge of the seat without slouching and can comfortably stay in this position throughout the trip. 90049 90054 90105 Other points to keep in mind when using seat belts include: 90107 90045 90046 Make sure your child does not tuck the shoulder belt under her arm or behind her back. This leaves the upper body unprotected and adds extra slack to the seat belt system, putting your child at risk of severe injury in a crash or with sudden braking.90049 90046 Never allow anyone to «share» seat belts. All passengers must have their own car safety seats or seat belts. 90049 90054 90011 Common Question: 90012 90105 I’ve seen products that say they can help make the seat belt fit better. Should we get one of these? 90107 90045 90046 No, these products are unapproved and should not be used. They may actually interfere with proper seat belt fit by causing the lap belt to ride too high on the stomach or making the shoulder belt too loose.They can even damage the seat belt. This rule applies to car safety seats too; do not use extra products unless they came with the seat or are specifically approved by the seat manufacturer. These products are not covered by any federal safety standards, and the AAP does not recommend they be used. As long as children are riding in the correct restraint for their size, they should not need to use additional devices. 90003 90049 90002 90003 90004 90054 90105 When shopping for a car seat, keep the following tips in mind: 90003 90107 90045 90046 90008 No one seat is the «best» or «safest.»90009 The best seat is the one that fits your child’s size, is correctly installed, fits well in your vehicle, and is used properly every time you drive. 90049 90046 90008 Do not decide by price alone. 90009 A higher price does not mean the seat is safer or easier to use. 90049 90046 90008 Avoid used seats if you do not know the seat’s history. 90009 90049 90046 90008 90008 Watch the Video: 90009 What to Look For When Purchasing a Car Seat 90009 90049 90054 90105 Never use a car seat that: 90107 90045 90046 90008 Is too old.90009 Look on the label for the date the seat was made. Check with the manufacturer to find out how long it recommends using the seat. 90049 90046 90008 Has any visible cracks on it. 90009 90049 90046 90008 Does not have a label with the date of manufacture and model number 90009. Without these, you can not check to see if the seat has been recalled. 90049 90046 90008 Does not come with instructions 90009. You need them to know how to use the seat. Instructions can be found on manufacturer websites or by contacting the manufacturer.90049 90046 90008 Is missing parts 90009. Used car safety seats often come without important parts. Check with the manufacturer to make sure you can get the right parts. 90049 90046 90008 Was recalled. 90009 You can find out by calling the manufacturer or contacting the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Vehicle Safety Hotline at 888 / 327-4236. You can also visit the NHTSA Website. 90049 90046 90008 Do not use seats that have been in a moderate or severe crash.90009 Seats that were in a minor crash may still be safe to use, but some car safety seat manufacturers recommend replacing the seat after any crash, even a minor one. The NHTSA considers a crash minor if all the following situations are true: 90049 90045 90046 The vehicle could be driven away from the crash. 90049 90046 The vehicle door closest to the car safety seat was not damaged. 90049 90046 No one in the vehicle was injured. 90049 90046 The airbags did not go off. 90049 90046 You can not see any damage to the car safety seat.90049 90054 90046 90008 If you have specific questions about the car seat, contact the manufacturer. 90009 90049 90054 90002 90008 Front airbags are installed in all new cars. 90009 When used with seat belts, airbags work well to protect teenagers and adults; however, airbags can be very dangerous to children, particularly to those riding in rear-facing seats and to preschoolers and young school-aged children who are not properly restrained. If your vehicle has a front passenger airbag, infants in rear-facing seats must ride in the back seat.Even in a relatively low-speed crash, the airbag can inflate, strike the car safety seat, and cause serious brain injury and death. 90004 90002 Vehicles with no back seat or a back seat that is not made for passengers are not the best choice for traveling with small children; however, the airbag can be turned off in some of these vehicles if the front seat is needed for a child passenger. See your vehicle owner’s manual for more information. 90004 90002 90008 Side airbags are available in most new cars.90009 Side airbags improve safety for adults in side-impact crashes. Read your vehicle owner’s manual for more information about the airbags in your vehicle. Read your car safety seat instructions and the vehicle owner’s manual for guidance on placing the seat next to a side airbag. 90004 90011 About Carpooling 90012 90002 90008 If your child is being driven by someone else, make sure: 90009 90004 90045 90046 The car safety seat your child will be using fits properly in the vehicle used for transport.90049 90046 The car safety seat being used is appropriate for the age and size of your child. 90049 90046 The person in charge of transporting your child knows how to install and use the car safety seat correctly. 90049 90054 90002 Child care programs and schools should have written guidelines for transporting children, including 90004 90045 90046 All drivers must have a valid driver’s license. In some states, school bus drivers need to have a special type of license. 90049 90046 Staff to child ratios for transport should meet or exceed those required for the classroom.90049 90046 Every child should be supervised during transport, either by school staff or a parent volunteer, so the driver can focus on driving. 90049 90046 School staff, teachers, and drivers should know what to do in an emergency, know how to properly use car safety seats and seat belts, and be aware of other safety requirements. 90049 90054 90011 About Car Safety Seats on Airplanes 90012 90002 The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the AAP recommend that children less than 40 pounds be securely fastened in certified child restraints when flying.This will help keep them safe during takeoff and landing or in case of turbulence. Most rear-facing, convertible, and forward-facing seats can be used on airplanes, but booster seats and travel vests can not. 90004 90002 Read your seat’s instruction manual and look for a label on the car safety seat that says, «This restraint is certified for use in motor vehicles and aircraft.» You can also consider using a restraint made only for use on airplanes and approved by the FAA. Larger children may use the airplane seat belt or continue to use their car safety seat on the airplane as long as it is labeled for use on aircraft and the child has not exceeded the seat’s weight or height limit.Remember that your child will need an appropriate car safety seat to use at your destination. For more information, visit the FAA Website or the CARES (Airplane Safety Harness for Children) Website. 90004 90011 If You Need Installation Help: 90012 90002 If you have questions or need help with installing your car safety seat, find a certified child passenger safety technician (CPST or CPS technician). Lists of certified CPSTs and child seat-fitting stations are available on the following websites: 90004 90011 Important Reminders: 90012 90002 90008 Be a good role model.90009 Make sure you always wear your seat belt. This will help your child form a lifelong habit of buckling up. 90004 90002 90008 Make sure that everyone who transports your child uses the correct car safety seat or seat belt on every trip, every time. 90009 Being consistent with car safety seat use is good parenting, reduces fussing and complaints, and is safest for your child. 90004 90002 90008 Never leave your child alone in or around cars, and lock your vehicle when it is not in use.90009 Any of the following situations can happen when a child is left alone in or around a vehicle. A child can 90004 90045 90046 Die of heatstroke because temperatures can reach deadly levels in minutes. 90049 90046 Be strangled by power windows, retracting seat belts, sunroofs, or accessories. 90049 90046 Knock the vehicle into gear, setting it into motion. 90049 90046 Be backed over when the vehicle backs up. 90049 90046 Become trapped in the trunk of the vehicle. 90049 90054 90002 90008 Always read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for your car safety seat.90009 If you do not have those, write or call the company’s customer service department. Staff will ask you for the model number, name of seat, and date of manufacture. The manufacturer’s address and phone number are on a label on the seat. Also, be sure to follow the instructions in your vehicle owner’s manual about using car safety seats. Some manufacturers ‘instructions may be available on their websites. 90004 90002 90008 Remember to fill out and mail in the registration card that comes with the car safety seat.90009 You can also register your seat on the manufacturer’s website. It will be important in case the seat is recalled. 90004 90011 Additional Information from HealthyChildren.org: 90012 90002 90533 Although the AAP is not a testing or standard-setting organization, this article sets forth the AAP recommendations based on the peer-reviewed literature available at the time of its publication and sets forth some of the factors that parents should consider before selecting and using a car seat.90534 90004 90002 90533 Figure 1 adapted from US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). LATCH Makes Child Safety Seat Installation as Easy as 1-2-3. Washington, DC: NHTSA; 2011. DOT HS publication 809 489. 90534 90004 90002 90533 Figure 4 from Bull MJ, Engle WA; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention and Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Safe transportation of preterm and low birth weight infants at hospital discharge.90210 Pediatrics 90211. 2009 року; 123 (5): 1424-1429. 90534 90004 90002 The information contained on this Web site should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your pediatrician. There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances. 90004.

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